In short: karuna is compassion, the wish that beings be free from suffering, and the readiness to act. It is the second of the four brahmaviharas, after metta (loving-kindness) and before mudita (sympathetic joy) and upekkha (equanimity). It differs from pity by being warm, respectful and steady.
In the Buddha’s words
Furthermore, a mendicant meditates spreading a heart full of compassion …
DN 13, translated by Bhikkhu Sujato (CC0)
Practise
- Compassion meditation.
- Pair with metta and equanimity.
- Take small actions: generosity.
Common misunderstandings
- Compassion is not pity. It stands beside someone instead of looking down.
- It is not self-sacrifice without limit. Equanimity keeps you steady enough to help.
- It includes yourself. Begin with a kind wish for your own difficulty.
Try this: think of someone who is struggling and silently say 'may you be free from suffering', then do one small helpful thing.
Glossary: Buddhist terms · the four brahmaviharas · Pali pronunciation
Questions people ask
What does karuna mean?
Karuna is compassion: the heartfelt wish that beings be free from suffering, with the readiness to help.
How is compassion different from pity?
Pity looks down on someone; karuna stands beside them. It comes with equanimity so that we are not overwhelmed.
How do I practise karuna?
With compassion meditation: wishing 'may you be free from suffering' towards yourself, a loved one, a neutral person, a difficult person and all beings.